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Site Name:
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Panningridge Furnace |
OS Reference:
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TQ 6871 1751
Click here to view on Where's The Path |
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Parish:
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Penhurst |
Former Parish:
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Hundred:
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Foxearle |
District:
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Rother |
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County:
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East Sussex |
River Basin:
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Ashbourne |
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Site Type:
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Furnace |
Period:
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Modern |
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Century:
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16 |
Geology:
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Ashdown Beds |
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Geology notes:
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Earliest known date:
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1542 |
Latest known date:
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1586 |
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Dating evidence:
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The best-documented furnace in the Weald, with accounts from 1542 to 1563 (KHLC U1475/B9-B11), see Crossley (1975). The tenancy of Relfe and Jeffrey (1563 onwards) is ill-documented, apart from their supply of pig iron to Robertsbridge forge; it must have ended in or before 1572 when John Ashburnham is said (WSRO EpII/5/3 f.48r) to have occupied the furnace, as he did in 1574. In 1584-6 it was run by Thomas Glydd (TNA STAC 5/G4/28). James Caigheym, who worked at Panningridge, appears in Ashburnham parish registers in 1582 and 1586. By 1611 the furnace was no longer standing (ESRO ASH/4501/488).
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Site Description:
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Bay: L 100m H 1.5m/2.5m Broken in centre by present stream.
Water system: Pond dry. Spillways originally at each end of bay, with banks to maintain dry working area.
Working area: At western end of bay; charging bank extending from bay immediately to the west.
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Scheduled Monument Number:
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1002252 (ES 386) |
HER Reference:
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MES3299 (ANA) |
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Bay Height (m.):
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2.5 |
Bay Length (m.):
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100 |
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Classis Britannica tiles:
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No |
Samian pottery:
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No |
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Cylindrical slag plugs:
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No |
Two-finery forge:
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No |
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Excavation?:
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Yes |
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Excavation Details:
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See excavation report in Post-Medieval Archaeology 6 (1972), 42-68. Two periods of operation found: radical revision of wheelpit and race layout.
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Description of site vegetation:
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Slag Heap Area (m. sq) :
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Slag heap grade (Hodgkinson 1999):
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Persons Involved in Discovery:
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References:
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Crossley, D. W. (1966) The Management of a Sixteenth-Century Ironworks. Economic History Review. Second series, 19, no. 2. pp. 273-88
Crawshaw, G.. (2018) The Old Sow track. Wealden Iron, Bulletin of the Wealden Iron Research Group. Second series, 38. pp. 36-42
Tylecote, R. F.. (1986) The Prehistory of Metallurgy in the British Isles. The Institute of Metals. London
(for this site see page(s) 214, 217, 221)
Kingsford, C. L., (1925) Report on the Manuscripts of Lord de L'Isle & Dudley preserved at Penshurst Place Volume One. HMSO. London
(for this site see page(s) 307-15)
Straker, E. (1931) Wealden Iron. Bell. London
(for this site see page(s) 362-4)
Cleere, H. F. and Crossley, D. W.. (1995) The iron industry of the Weald. Merton Priory Press. Cardiff
(for this site see page(s) 348-9)
Crossley, D. W.. (1972) A sixteenth-century Wealden blast furnace: a report on excavations at Panningridge, Sussex, 1964-70. Post-Medieval Archaeology. 6. pp. 1-37
(for this site see page(s) 42-68)
Straker, E.. (1931) Westell's Book of Panningridge. Sussex Archaeological Collections. 72. pp. 253-260
Crossley, D. W.. (1975) Sidney Ironworks Accounts 1541-1573. Royal Historical Society (Camden Fourth Series Vol. 15). London
(for this site see page(s) 41-118)
Teesdale, E. B.. (1986) The 1574 lists of ironworks in the Weald. A re-examination. Wealden Iron, Bulletin of the Wealden Iron Research Group. Second series, 6. pp. 7-41
(for this site see page(s) 38-9)
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Persons with known connections to this site:
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Adams, Jhon - mason in 1542
Alye, Jhon - carpenter 1542-3
Ashburnham, John - Lessee/ironmaster bef 1572-aft 1574
Blackborne, Thomas - Owner 1558-69
Blackenall, William - clerk 1551-63
Bodyll, James - carpenter 1542-3
Cacthery, Peter - iron worker in 1544
Caigheym, James - iron worker 1582-6
Collins, Alexander - Builder and founder 1542-3
Collins, John - Builder 1542-3
Dows, Robert - iron worker 1549-52 & 1560
Duxberye, Richard - Owner 1542-6
Fawke, Guyllam - labourer and miner 1543-4
Geratt, Warnett - founder 1553-4
Glidd, Thomas - Lessee/ironmaster 1584-6
Graunte, Laurence - iron worker in 1544
Grewe, Clementt - iron worker in 1549
Jeffrey, Bartholomew - Co-Lessee/ironmaster 1563-bef 1572
Lamere, Peter - iron worker in 1552
Langleys, John - iron worker in 1549 to 1552
Larber , Obrye - ironworker 1551-2
Lemotte, John - iron worker in 1549 to 1576
Leverton, James - nail maker in 1574
Lygon, Robert - iron worker in 1544
Marie, John - iron worker in 1544
Marygon, John - iron worker in 1549
Mettett, Phyllypp - iron worker 1549-52
Montayne, John - Owner 1546-51
Morrell, Jamys - iron worker in 1549
Morrys, George - iron worker in 1549 to 1552
Pawyer, William - ironworker 1551-2
Relfe, William - Co-Lessee/ironmaster 1563-bef 1572
Russell, John - iron worker in 1552
Segeyr, Dominic - Owner 1551-8
Sidney, Henry - Lessee 1554-63
Sidney, William - Lessee/ironmaster 1542-54
Spray, Audryan - iron worker in 1560
Spraye, Simon - iron worker in 1560
Totayn, Jeffery - iron worker in 1544
Toulett, Philip - iron worker here in 1551 & 2
Turner, Peter - iron worker 1549-52?
Tyler, John - iron worker in 1552
Ungell, Petre - iron worker 1549-52
Velett, Gilham - iron worker in 1544
Westall, Henry - Clerk 1542-9
Wylkes, James - Owner 1569-86
la Mell, Stephyn - iron worker in 1549
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Documents:
(click to download)
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Images:
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